Analysis Of Steven Levitt And Stephen Dubner And Freakonomics

In researching the important matters in life such as how to best format an online dating profile or finding the reasoning behind why employees in large corporations tend to steal bagels, authors Steven Levitt and Stephen Dubner in their book Freakonomics claim to explore â€Å"the hidden side of everything.† The previous examples provided, including the various other topics that Levitt and Dubner touch upon in their book, are likely unimportant to the average reader and as a whole are without any obvious similarities. The authors even mention the lack of a common theme. They reason it by saying that in doing so, the direction of their book would then be guided by not a set theme, but instead by their curiosities. This is the non fiction version†¦show more content†¦After gaining access to relevant data sets and adjusting for certain variables the authors then interpret the data to arrive to often several conclusions. If possible, a fourth step is added where they incl ude a follow-up to their main idea effectively concluding the chapter. The format of Freakonomics: foundation, data experimentation, interpretation, and follow-up. Previously said, the first chapter of Freakonomics best demonstrates the format of each chapter. Because of that fact, it is also the most effective in analyzing Levitt and Dubner’s central argument of that data holds the power to unveil new truths of the world. To start the argument on the similarities of teachers and sumo wrestlers, the authors, following their format, begin by establishing the foundation of this chapter: incentives. They describe incentives as â€Å"a means of urging people to do more of a good thing and less of a bad thing† (Dubner and Levitt 17). And using several examples including experiments on late fees in day cares and small stipends for blood donations, the authors ensure that the reader understands the full effect of incentives: they explain the differences between the three type s of incentives, their applications in daily life, and the possible adverse effects of switching between two types of incentives despite any initial positive intentions. The authorsShow MoreRelatedChapter 3 : Conventional Wisdom1091 Words   |  5 PagesChapter 3: Conventional Wisdom Freakonomics was one of the best novels that I have ever read! I am truly amazed at how Steven Levitt and Stephen Dubner compared their study and research to the economy that we live in today. Out of all of the chapters in Freakonomics, Chapter 3: Conventional Wisdom, is the one that stood out the most. This particular topic relates to the world in many different ways. Conventional wisdom is often wrong. Conventional wisdom can be described as the ideas or beliefsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Freakonomics 1027 Words   |  5 PagesLanguage and Composition 3 August 2016 Freakonomics 1. Give the title, author, genre, and date of original publication. Freakonomics is the title of this nonfiction book; it was written by Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner. On April 12, 2005, by HarperCollins. 2. What is author’s purpose for writing the book? Write a paragraph summarizing the main argument or purpose. In this unique book, economist Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner, an award-winning author and journalist teamRead MoreA Rogue Economist Explores The Hidden Side Of Everything By Steven Levitt Essay1537 Words   |  7 PagesAfter reading Freakonomics: A Rogue Economist Explores the Hidden Side of Everything by Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner, it opened my eyes to the most interesting approach to the world. The book name in itself is an odd and unique title. It defines Steven Levitt’s irregular approach to the world of economics and makes you â€Å"forget your image of an economist as a crusty professor worried about fluctuating interest rates†, says Publishers Weekly. Steven Levitt focuses his attention on relevantRead MoreFreakonomics and Misconceptions of Economy Essay1244 Words   |  5 Pagesamazement: Freakonomics is said to unravel the untold stories of life. Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner break common misconceptions of economics by reveal ing its true science. Freakonomics shatters the view of economics being an arid study of finance and markets. They pull in information to make inferences on past occurrences subtly influence on the present. Freakonomics packs punches with its countless number of tables and figures, serving as concrete data to make their assumptions. Levitt DubnerRead MoreApplication of Freakonomics to Project Management1806 Words   |  8 PagesA Book Review of Freakonomics and Application to Project Management November 2010 Project Management Summary The idea to write Freakonomics began in 2003 when journalist and award winning author Stephen Dubner wrote a profile of economist Steven Levitt for the New York Times Magazine. At the time, Levitt, an Economics professor at the University of Chicago, was focusing his research efforts on answering unique and sometimes controversial questions concerning topics such as crime,Read MoreAnalysis Of Freakonomics958 Words   |  4 PagesThe movie â€Å"Freakonomics† by Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner was a great way to bring light into the science of economics. The authors Steven Levitt and Stephen Dubner would give two subjects that are unrelated to each other to give viewers an understanding of Freakonomics. This was a great idea because I would have never thought that a teacher and a sumo wrestler would have anything in common. Additionally, in the beginning of the movie the authors mention three types of incentives, whichRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Freakonomics By Steven D. Levitt1639 Words   |  7 PagesFreakonomics written by Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner. Copyright, 2005 by Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner. A non-fiction book about the intertwining discourses of pop culture and economics. Steven David Levitt is an American economist who is well known for his work that specifically focuses on crime, and the connection between legalized abortion and the effect it has on crime rates. Mr. Levitt is currently the â€Å"William B. Ogden Distinguished Service Professor of Economics† at theRead MoreSteven Levitt And The Link Between Legalized And Crime Rates1537 Words   |  7 Pages Steven Levitt was born May 29th, 1967 in Chicago. Levitt is an american economist that is known best from his podcasts, and books, Freakonomics and Superfreakonomics co-authored with Stephen Dubner. Steven Levitt is also known to study some very different topics such as crime and the link between legalized abortion and crime rates. Levitt attended the University of Chicago, the Chicago school of economics, and he attended Harvard University to receive his Bachelor s Degree and went on to MIT forRead MoreThe Book Freakonomics By Steven D. Levitt2418 Words   |  10 Pages The book Freakonomics by Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner consists of a series of essays in which a journalist and an economist work collectively to find, by applying everyday economic principles, how the world truly works, which reveals some fascinating truths about the world. Some background history of the authors, Steven D. Levitt interviewed Stephen J. Dubner for New York Times Magazine and this is where they initially met and became good friends. With them having similar ideals aboutRead MoreAn Analysis of Freakonomics, by Steven D. Levitt1585 Words   |  7 Pagesthe best way of describing the unconventional method preferred by economist, Steven D. Levitt. While most economists measure social situations and present the data as numbers a nd graphs Levitt takes anomalies within the data to reveal truths obscured. It’s Levitt’s sociological take on economics that has set him apart from his peers with his heavy focus on incentives, choices, and the consequences they have. Freakonomics mirrors Levitt’s method since it’s a collection of stories he has uncovered or

Motivation and Learning Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Motivation and Learning. Answer: Motivation: Introduction Motivation is in inside, its in your attitude. One has wears his motivation all time. Motivation is result of your action which forces to activate your emotional, biological and social behavior. Motivation reflects from your personality. It is ones desire to do the things, to achieve the things. To bring change in your life. Motivation is very important to lead a positive life. Literature survey on Motivation Motivation brings life to you and the things to do daily. Lying all around not doing anything with interest is the reason of lack of motivation. Sometimes we get easily motivated just blink in our mind and it filled us with enthusiasm to do the wishful things. Motivate provoked us to achieve our aims. But sometimes we feel low and engaged so much in our lifes problems results we started feeling low inside , low motivation or no motivation, feels like everything is finished. Therefore we need to take care of below points to keep motivated ourselves and keep the excitement level up in our lives. Keep a track of your to do list and daily goals and check it every time to note down how much achieve and much better way to achieve. Track your progress also it will help your to draw your areas need more efforts When you achieve your goal even if it is small make that moment more special by giving some reward to yourself. Get some breaks also and if you feel there is need to rectify the plan , just do it , change also bring motivation Never be hard on yourself Keep watching motivational speeches and follow and apply the points. Surround yourself with positive people bring down the negativity. Never waste your time in talking about other people. Focus is very important. Always take care your focus never get distracted. Research Topics on Motivation and learning and learning(Below are the four researches we select and summarize their motive) Motivation and Ways to Motivate Students : In this research author discussed on how motivation helps in learning a language. There are two types of motivation one is inner motivation (self belief) and other is external motivation (get from outside world) and their lies a relationship between them also(Spaulding., 2000). Role of personal factors in motivation. Motivation and its need, beliefs and goals. Author said we can motivate a student to learn a language using various interesting activities like by allowing students to practice language skills. Students need to develop skills of attentive in class and understanding it well. Students have good rendering and putting their knowledge on paper skill also, This is enhance by keep on remembering words , English sentences and practicing grammar and responsive and attentive in class . Learners should have strong will and desire to participate in learning process with recreation and should feel this that learning process can be interesting which makes them curious and entertaining with their total involvement which helps maintaining the level of motivation high and boost up the environment throughout the session. Gaming session in class helps a lot to make learning and teaching session interesting especially in junior schools. Kids feel more connected. Student need some break session and these games could be played during those sessions. Games should be selective which helps to enhance the skills of learners. Games are big tool to enhance motivation as they Games are highly motivating as they are considerably enjoyable and always has some task to complete. Furthermore, they employ meaningful and useful language in real contexts. They also encourage and increase involvement Guessing game, gap filling, chain story games are practical and interesting that can be used in English learning. Pay, songs and summer English camping trips can bring effect and make learning process effective(Pressley, 2010). Few real situations with discussion and debate and creative activities such as create an any project are encouraged in higher grade. Many interesting activities boost up students and involve them as much of the time and effort as possible and enhance the level of learning motivation. Motivation and Classroom Learning In this research author made a framework to understand intrinsic motivation and how it helps in building classroom strategies. He has discussed few theories and cognitive approach. Author said learners should understand and appreciate what they are doing to keep motivation alive. Instinct, growth, drive in attitude and lack of motivation demonstrate the motivated behavior with use of machine symbols(Mendler B. , 2011). According to these theories individuals give energy and direction to their behaviors. The paths to satisfy these desires show how behavior gets energized(Mendler A. , barensandnobel, 2015). It explains attribution theory and self-efficacy theory. According to these theories as author said, motivated behavior can be explained by referring conscious cognitive processes which further involve the ability to predict the goals and rewards and use the power of judgment, evaluation for decision making rather than using mechanical processes and unconscious biological(Mendler A. , Motivating Students Who Don't Care: Successful Techniques for Educators, 2015). Below are the points which help learners to put efforts in class and perform to their level best. Consider that teachers behavior brings quality information to your learners and carefully judge the messages you send. Emphasize on learning strategies. Abstain from grouping that encourages ability as the only way to get success. Set up instructional arrangements that encourage cooperation. Impart knowledge on realistic goal setting. UsingManagement Motivation Techniques to Motivate Students and Develop Their Self-Motivation In the world of business, motivation techniques on management has boost up the efficiency of business. Company managers have been analyzing continuously with different type of motivational tools which results in to huge profits to companies. Author divided this research in to three parts; in his first part he explains the similarities and dissimilarities between concepts of motivation in teaching and motivation theories inmanagement (Marslender, 2011). In other part of this research author discussed about the Human Resource Management framework which offers HRM architecture to be used in teaching with the aim of boosting the motivation in students(Marshell, 2008). The HRM model emphasizes the need to finding new approach of working, managing performance and motivation, support employees to accept the company managers as partners and coordinators. Big part of this strategy and techniques can be applied to teaching field also. The most alluring thing is that management theory has created full-fledged techniques to calculate and oversee performance. It has designed appraisal plans and auditing systems. It describes Treat your students like human capital. Motivational strategies and techniques ofmanagement science says to treat students like human capital , this way one could achieve aim of teaching and enhance the productivity , quality which further impact their life and attitude. Its duty of teacher to look around what motivates their students and design teaching strategies and techniques according to the level of students in class(Kong, 2009). Teachers should work on self motivation in students having in goal of course and well communicated to the students and develop strategies accordingly with this in mind that this motivation process is for long duration and path could be critical for teachers and students both(David Freeman Yvome, 2000). Make realized your students that self motivated students with great adequacy and intrinsic motivation will go prolonged in the market and successful also. They will be the future leaders of market leaders. The Effect of Rewards and Motivation on Student Achievement In this research author says, we should check the effect of rewards on intrinsic motivation . How much it is affecting the learning of children in general and compensatory education at same time. Those Students who has high intrinsic motivation play an significant role in building the successful path for school and perform the tasks very well too(Burden, 2000). Giving rewards erodes intrinsic motivation and show good results by slowing the process of skills procurement and more faults in the process of learning. Implications written up in research presents planned strategies for all students and also strategies for students who face learning disabilities. It has collection of planned and detailed written strategies to enhance intrinsic motivation. It shows how classroom environment, behavior management and lesson planning plays important part in intrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation is an important quality for students to perform their level best. Institutes should be very careful while using tools like extrinsic motivators and accolades as it erodes the developing intrinsic motivation in learner and tremors adverse effect on learning for all students including those who are facing learning disabilities. Therefore, the extrinsic rewards should not be distributed openly and entirely. There should be a particular and strong purpose behind giveaway rewards. Sometimes use of extrinsic rewards deliberately depreciate as student motivation and enhances the process of gaining knowledge. Furthermore, the every technique of classroom learning and environment has some proper plans for step by step development in students and boosting the intrinsic motivation in learners. There is a planning for intrinsic motivation and should contain in every lesson and activity. It as continual process that should never stops. Good weight age should give to the motivational characteristics throughout the year(Brook, 20000). Word choice, decision making individualized instruction and goal setting should not be the temporary parts of teachers curriculum rather it should be the permanent part . Individual Views on Motivation and its impact There are many types of students in class , some dont feel secure and feel embarrassed as sometimes they wont come up with the learning process .So teacher has to take care of every student . Teacher should ignite the desire to achieve something in life in student; this desire drives them to fulfill their motive of life. Practical tasks, grading system, feedback forms, suggestions and liberty and scope are few techniques which motivate students to get good grades and a desire of completion between peers(Belyayev, 2000). Teacher should deal with every student according to their potential as not every student is equal and their grasping power is different. Some get the things easy and quickly some need extra effort. So if teacher put some extra effort to each student accordingly it will help the students to perform their level best and ignite an urge to do more hard work as teacher is doing hard work on them. It helps boost up the result of teacher efforts also(Baranek, 2000). There is another factor belief linked up with motivation. Optimistic view about someones ability motivates student to learn and perform well A belief can do wonders, a teacher belief in their students and his teaching can do so much great to the whole learning process. A session of self doubt and failure should be taken time to time. The evaluation of students and their abilities should be effective .Therefore teachers can help students aspect their ability to success, struggle and achievement. Difficult assignments, misfortune, downfall are few things which sometimes motivates a student and give them another chance to make extra effort and taste the success. Another important thing is motivation and aim of student in class. Each behavior of student can boost up or put down their inner motivation and which further affect their process of learning. With a learning goal a learner study with a aim in class and put great efforts to fulfill it. Learners should be confident enough about their efforts and concentrate on efforts only rather concerning about their results because if efforts are up the level best it will surely make the results great and learning process successful. Teachers should help students to setting the realistic goals and motivate them to achieving them. Conclusion Its an important and purposeful duty of a teacher to keep knowledge about educational psychology and effective techniques to be used in learning process. Techniques should be motivational. Simultaneously teacher should come up with the new methods so that it can help students to make their future purposeful and motivate them to be a leaders of market in the future. The application of these techniques should help students to understand and apply these logics and concepts in their daily lives. Teacher should take care of personality and environment during motivating students. As per by achievement theory it says there is a reason , that is why high achievers select difficult and challenging assignment and why low achievers choose easier assignment at which there are less chances to fail. Students should have a natural inclination towards learning. They must have urge to learn more. Learners should take school coaching as personally relevant to lives. Students should believe in themselves that they process their skills and accomplish the goals. Students achievements represent the learning process of schools. They have urge to set the goals higher and high level thinking will lead to successful life and help them to attain their goals. Social mediation should be the way of learning.Learners should have trust in themselves and their goals they set for them. Their continuous effort towards learning can fulfill the expectation. With this accomplishment the inner motivations also get boost up . It risen the standard of thinking in them also. Learning is a lifelong process it , human beings learns throughout their lives. Learning develops the tendency to enjoy the learning by eroding the negative insecure thoughts. References Baranek, K. (2000). The Effect of Rewards and Motivation on Student Achievement. ScholarWorks@GVSU . Belyayev, B. V. (2000). The psychology of Teaching Foreign Languages. . Pergamon Press. Brook, N. (20000). Language and Language Learning. New York: Harcourt, Brace and world. Burden, P. (2000). Powerful Classroom Management Strategies: Motivating Students to Learn. London: Sage Publications. David Freeman Yvome, S. F. (2000). A Road to Success for Language. . New York: Oxford University Pres. Kong, Y. (2009). A Brief Discussion on Motivation and Ways to Motivate Students. Internation Education Studies . Marshell, J. (2008). Overcoming Student Apathy: Motivating Students for Academic Success. London: Springer. Marslender, K. (2011, July 25). Motivating Students Who Don't Care: Successful Techniques for Educators. Retrieved May 11, 2017, from Prezi.com: https://prezi.com/slnvxcbtklqv/motivating-students-who-dont-care-successful-techniques-for-educators/ Mendler, A. (2015). barensandnobel. Retrieved May 11, 2017, from barensandnobel: https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/motivating-students-who-dont-care-allen-n-mendler/1101714354?type=eBook Mendler, A. (2015). Motivating Students Who Don't Care: Successful Techniques for Educators. London. Mendler, B. (2011). Power Struggles: Successful Techniques for Educators. Pressley, M. (2010). Motivating Primary-grade Students. London: Springer. Spaulding., C. L. (2000). Motivation in the classroom. The United States: McGraw Hill.